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Plain-English guides to privacy policies, terms and conditions, disclaimers, and data protection law, helping your business stay compliant.
Spain's data protection authority, the AEPD, has issued 1,048 published GDPR fines, the highest count of any European regulator for the seventh consecutive year, according to the CMS GDPR Enforcement Tracker Report 2025/2026. See why Spain fines so often, how small most of its penalties are, and its single largest case.
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Ireland's Data Protection Commission issued just 10 final GDPR decisions in 2025, yet those decisions carried EUR 530.77 million in fines, pushing its cumulative total since 2018 past EUR 4.04 billion, according to the DPC's own 2025 Annual Report published June 30, 2026. See the decision count trend, the largest individual fines, and how little of that money Ireland has actually collected.
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Germany's biggest confirmed GDPR fine is EUR 45 million, imposed on Vodafone GmbH by the federal data protection authority in 2025. See the totals, the biggest cases, and why German courts keep cutting these fines to a fraction of their original size.
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CNIL, France's data protection regulator, issued EUR 486.8 million in fines across 83 sanctions in 2025, according to CNIL's own 2025 enforcement report published in February 2026. See the year-by-year totals, the biggest individual fines, and why two cookie-consent cases drove nearly all of the increase.
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The average ICO fine reached £1.6 million in 2025, up roughly 370% from about £675,000 in 2023, according to Bridewell's analysis of the ICO's own Enforcement Register. See every confirmed UK GDPR penalty since 2023, including the £14 million Capita fine, ranked and sourced.
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The Information Commissioner's Office took just 31 enforcement actions in 2025, down 50% from 62 in 2024, according to URM Consulting's analysis of the ICO's own Enforcement Register. See how those 31 actions split between fines, reprimands and enforcement notices, and why complaint volumes are rising even as enforcement activity falls.
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